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INSAR processing generates height maps and current maps from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images taken with two adjacent antennas.
Along-Track INSAR (AT-INSAR) is illustrated in the figure below. The red antenna observes the scene a short time before the blue antenna. A SAR image is processed for each antenna and corresponding resolution cells are generated so that they overlay, and a phase comparison is made between each pair of resolution cells. The phase difference for a moving target is due to its range motion during the time it took for the blue antenna to reach the same point as the red antenna.
Cross-track INSAR (CT-INSAR) would use the red and green antennas; the phase difference between the two antennas is proportional to the elevation angle of the resolution cell relative to the perpendicular to the plane of the antennas. This allows contour maps to be generated from SAR images.
Note that the phase between the SAR images in each case has ambiguities every 2 pi radians. These ambiguities, and the phase sensitivity of the interferometric data, are proportional to the antenna spacing, D. Click on the figure for information on the WINSAR system.
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